Chapter 9: Development
1. Why does development vary among countries?
Development is a process by which the material conditions of a country's people are improved. A more developed country has a higher level of per capita GDP, achied through a transformation in the structure of the economy from a predominantly agricultural to an industrial and service-providing society. More developed countries use their wealth in part to provide better health, education, and welfare services. Conversely, less developed countries use their additional wealth primarily to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population.
2. Where are more and less developed countries distributed?
We can identify three more developed regions-Anglo-America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe-plus two other developed areas-Japan and South Pacific. Six less developed regions include Latin America, SE Asia, Middle East, East Asia, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. There less developed regions face different prospects for promoting development.
3. Why do less developed countries face obstacles to development?
Less developed countries choose between the international trade and self-sufficiency paths towards development. In either alternative, less developed countries may need to borrow considerable sums of money to promote development. The inability of less developed countries to pay back these loans is a source of considerable tension between them and more developed countries.
Chapter 11: Industry
1. Where did industry originate?
The Industrial Revolution dates from the late 1700s in the United Kingdom, when a series of inventions transformed industrial productions. Only four other countries could be classified as industrial by 1900: Belgium, France, Germany, and the United States. Industrialization diffused to several dozen other countries in Europe, Asia, and the Western Hemisphere during the 20th century.
2. Where is industry distributed?
In contrast to agriculture, which covers a large percentage of Earth's land area, industry is highly concentrated. Approximately 3/4th of the world's industrial output is concentrated in four regions: the North American manufacturing belt, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Japan.
3. Why do industries have different distributions?
Factories try to identify a location where production cost is minimized. Critical industrial location costs include situation factors for some firms and site factors for others. Situation factors involve the cost of tranporting both inputs into the factory and products from the factory to consumers. Site factors-land, labor, and capital-control the cost of doing business in a location.
4. Why do industries face problems?
The entire world faces a problem with industry because global capacity to produce many goods now exceeds demand. The more developed countries in North America and Western Europe have a distinctive problem that results from an uneven internal distribution of industry and wealth. The less developed countries, located farther from markets, must attract industries for which access to inputs or low-cost labor are critical, are familiar with the tastes and preferences of American consumers, whereas few American officials speak Japanese or Korean, and they have relatively little knowledge of the buying habits of Asians. Global industries depend on cooperation from different countries.
1. Why does development vary among countries?
Development is a process by which the material conditions of a country's people are improved. A more developed country has a higher level of per capita GDP, achied through a transformation in the structure of the economy from a predominantly agricultural to an industrial and service-providing society. More developed countries use their wealth in part to provide better health, education, and welfare services. Conversely, less developed countries use their additional wealth primarily to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population.
2. Where are more and less developed countries distributed?
We can identify three more developed regions-Anglo-America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe-plus two other developed areas-Japan and South Pacific. Six less developed regions include Latin America, SE Asia, Middle East, East Asia, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. There less developed regions face different prospects for promoting development.
3. Why do less developed countries face obstacles to development?
Less developed countries choose between the international trade and self-sufficiency paths towards development. In either alternative, less developed countries may need to borrow considerable sums of money to promote development. The inability of less developed countries to pay back these loans is a source of considerable tension between them and more developed countries.
Chapter 11: Industry
1. Where did industry originate?
The Industrial Revolution dates from the late 1700s in the United Kingdom, when a series of inventions transformed industrial productions. Only four other countries could be classified as industrial by 1900: Belgium, France, Germany, and the United States. Industrialization diffused to several dozen other countries in Europe, Asia, and the Western Hemisphere during the 20th century.
2. Where is industry distributed?
In contrast to agriculture, which covers a large percentage of Earth's land area, industry is highly concentrated. Approximately 3/4th of the world's industrial output is concentrated in four regions: the North American manufacturing belt, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Japan.
3. Why do industries have different distributions?
Factories try to identify a location where production cost is minimized. Critical industrial location costs include situation factors for some firms and site factors for others. Situation factors involve the cost of tranporting both inputs into the factory and products from the factory to consumers. Site factors-land, labor, and capital-control the cost of doing business in a location.
4. Why do industries face problems?
The entire world faces a problem with industry because global capacity to produce many goods now exceeds demand. The more developed countries in North America and Western Europe have a distinctive problem that results from an uneven internal distribution of industry and wealth. The less developed countries, located farther from markets, must attract industries for which access to inputs or low-cost labor are critical, are familiar with the tastes and preferences of American consumers, whereas few American officials speak Japanese or Korean, and they have relatively little knowledge of the buying habits of Asians. Global industries depend on cooperation from different countries.
