Chapter 4: Folk and Popular Culture
1.Where do folk and popular cultures originate and diffuse?
Due to distinctive hearths (origins) and diffusion (spread), folk culture and popular culture differ in where they are seen throughout the globe. Folk culture is more likely to be in smaller places and diffuse slowly. Popular culture is widely distributed and spreads very quickly due to moderntechnology.
2. Why is folk culture clustered?
Folk culture becomes unique due to isolation to other places. Folk culture is more likely to be influenced by the environment especially with food and shelter.
3. Why is popular culture widely distributed?
Popular culture diffuses rapidly due to modern technology like the television, smart phones, and the internet. Popular cultural trends can be exactly the same in the origin or take on the local traditions in a region. Popular culture changes quickly as technology becomes faster and faster.
4. Why does globalization of popular culture cause problems?
Globalization of popular culture changes the local culture of areas which is a fear in many societies. Popular culture has affected the food consumption, products, fashion, technology, gender roles, and in some cases a direct factor in changing political and economic situations in a region. Popular culture has also affected the environment through consumption of resources such as fossil uels and modifying the environment through building and developing areas.
Chapter 5: Language
1. Where are English language speakers distributed?
The origins of the English language were due to the invasions of tribes in the British Isles over 1,500 years ago. The English language diffused to other regions of the globe due to colonialization and imperialism of the British Empire. The different dialects of English are due to the distance between the places and the origins of English.
2. Why is English related to other languages?
The English language is part of the Germanic Branch within the Indo-European Language Family. The Indo European Language Family has common ancestors that helped language develop and evolved due to migration.
3. Where are other Language families distributed?
Other language families with large number of speakers include the Sino-Tibetan, African Family, Austronesian Family, and Afro-Asiatic Family. Each language was developed and evolved through a combination of migration and isolation of people over time.
4. Why do peple preserve local languages?
English has become the language for international communication. Less widely used languages can face extinction over time as more people learn the lingua francas. Many organizations have developed programs to help revive languages in a place to help maintain the cultural idenity of its people.
Chapter 6: Religion Unit Summary
1. Where are religions distributed?
The world has three large universalizign religions: Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism, each of which is divided into branches and
denominations. Hinduism is the largest ethnic religion.
2. Why do religions have different distributions?
A universalizing religion has a known origin and clear patterns of diffusion, whereas ethnic religions typically have unknown origins
and little diffusion. Holy places and holidays in a universalizing religion are related to events in the life of its founder or prophet, and related to the local physical geography in an ethnic religion. Some religions encourage pilgrimmages to holy places.
3. Why do religions organize space in distinctive patterns?
Some religions have elaborate places of worship. Religions affect the landscape in other ways: Religious communities are built, religious toponyms mark the landscape, and extensive tracts are reserved for burying the dead. Some but not all universalizing religions organize their territory into a rigid administrative structure to disseminate religious doctrine.
4. Why do territorial conflicts arise among religious groups?
With Earth's surface dominated by four large religions, expansion of the territory occupied by one religion may reduce the territory of
another. In addition, religions must compete for control of territory with nonreligious ideas, notably communism and economic modernization.
Chapter 7: Ethnicity Unit Summary
1. Where are ethnicities distributed?
Major ethnicities in the United States include African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans and Asian-Americans. These ethnic groups are clustered in regions of the country and within urban neighborhoods. In the United States, race and ethnicity are often used interchangeably, because members of the African-American ethnic group are also distinguished as members of the black race (although not all blacks are African-American).
2. Why have ethnicities been transformed into nationalities?
Nationalities are ethnic grouops that possess among their cultural traditions the attachment and loyalty to a particular country. A nationality combines an ethnic group's language, religions, and artistic expressions with a country's particular independence movement, history, and other patriotic events. During the past two centuries, many countries have been created that
attempt to transform single ethnic groups into single nationalities.
3. Why do ethnicities clash?
Conflicts can arise when countries contain more than one ethnicity. In Africa, civil wars rage among various ethnicities competing to dominate the defining of a nationality. In the Middle East, long-standing ethnic conflicts have been complicated in modern times by emergence of nationalities. Ethnic cleansing is an attempt by a more powerful ethnic group to create an ethnically homogeneous region by forcibly evicting all members of another ethnic group.The practice has been especially widespread in the countries that comprise the former country of Yugoslavia.
1.Where do folk and popular cultures originate and diffuse?
Due to distinctive hearths (origins) and diffusion (spread), folk culture and popular culture differ in where they are seen throughout the globe. Folk culture is more likely to be in smaller places and diffuse slowly. Popular culture is widely distributed and spreads very quickly due to moderntechnology.
2. Why is folk culture clustered?
Folk culture becomes unique due to isolation to other places. Folk culture is more likely to be influenced by the environment especially with food and shelter.
3. Why is popular culture widely distributed?
Popular culture diffuses rapidly due to modern technology like the television, smart phones, and the internet. Popular cultural trends can be exactly the same in the origin or take on the local traditions in a region. Popular culture changes quickly as technology becomes faster and faster.
4. Why does globalization of popular culture cause problems?
Globalization of popular culture changes the local culture of areas which is a fear in many societies. Popular culture has affected the food consumption, products, fashion, technology, gender roles, and in some cases a direct factor in changing political and economic situations in a region. Popular culture has also affected the environment through consumption of resources such as fossil uels and modifying the environment through building and developing areas.
Chapter 5: Language
1. Where are English language speakers distributed?
The origins of the English language were due to the invasions of tribes in the British Isles over 1,500 years ago. The English language diffused to other regions of the globe due to colonialization and imperialism of the British Empire. The different dialects of English are due to the distance between the places and the origins of English.
2. Why is English related to other languages?
The English language is part of the Germanic Branch within the Indo-European Language Family. The Indo European Language Family has common ancestors that helped language develop and evolved due to migration.
3. Where are other Language families distributed?
Other language families with large number of speakers include the Sino-Tibetan, African Family, Austronesian Family, and Afro-Asiatic Family. Each language was developed and evolved through a combination of migration and isolation of people over time.
4. Why do peple preserve local languages?
English has become the language for international communication. Less widely used languages can face extinction over time as more people learn the lingua francas. Many organizations have developed programs to help revive languages in a place to help maintain the cultural idenity of its people.
Chapter 6: Religion Unit Summary
1. Where are religions distributed?
The world has three large universalizign religions: Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism, each of which is divided into branches and
denominations. Hinduism is the largest ethnic religion.
2. Why do religions have different distributions?
A universalizing religion has a known origin and clear patterns of diffusion, whereas ethnic religions typically have unknown origins
and little diffusion. Holy places and holidays in a universalizing religion are related to events in the life of its founder or prophet, and related to the local physical geography in an ethnic religion. Some religions encourage pilgrimmages to holy places.
3. Why do religions organize space in distinctive patterns?
Some religions have elaborate places of worship. Religions affect the landscape in other ways: Religious communities are built, religious toponyms mark the landscape, and extensive tracts are reserved for burying the dead. Some but not all universalizing religions organize their territory into a rigid administrative structure to disseminate religious doctrine.
4. Why do territorial conflicts arise among religious groups?
With Earth's surface dominated by four large religions, expansion of the territory occupied by one religion may reduce the territory of
another. In addition, religions must compete for control of territory with nonreligious ideas, notably communism and economic modernization.
Chapter 7: Ethnicity Unit Summary
1. Where are ethnicities distributed?
Major ethnicities in the United States include African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans and Asian-Americans. These ethnic groups are clustered in regions of the country and within urban neighborhoods. In the United States, race and ethnicity are often used interchangeably, because members of the African-American ethnic group are also distinguished as members of the black race (although not all blacks are African-American).
2. Why have ethnicities been transformed into nationalities?
Nationalities are ethnic grouops that possess among their cultural traditions the attachment and loyalty to a particular country. A nationality combines an ethnic group's language, religions, and artistic expressions with a country's particular independence movement, history, and other patriotic events. During the past two centuries, many countries have been created that
attempt to transform single ethnic groups into single nationalities.
3. Why do ethnicities clash?
Conflicts can arise when countries contain more than one ethnicity. In Africa, civil wars rage among various ethnicities competing to dominate the defining of a nationality. In the Middle East, long-standing ethnic conflicts have been complicated in modern times by emergence of nationalities. Ethnic cleansing is an attempt by a more powerful ethnic group to create an ethnically homogeneous region by forcibly evicting all members of another ethnic group.The practice has been especially widespread in the countries that comprise the former country of Yugoslavia.